The 13 Traits of Self-Actualizers

介護経営をニーズ＝Needsから検証した際にマズローの欲求階層説を参考にしました。
“Maslow’s of Needs Hierarchyds”

その第5段階は「自己実現欲求」となっています。
自己実現は以下の13の特性があります。
様々な解釈が存在していますが
それを心理学に詳しい知人のIan Vaughan Ellisが英語で説明してくれました。

 

自己実現　
Self-Actualization

 

 

自己実現13の特性

The 13 Traits of Self-Actualizers

1.Efficient perceptions of reality.
Self-actualizers are able to judge situations correctly and honestly. They are very sensitive to the fake and dishonest, and are free to see reality ‘as it is’.

2.Comfortable acceptance of self, others and nature.
Self-actualizers accept their own human nature with all its flaws. The shortcomings of others and the contradictions of the human condition are accepted with humor and tolerance.

3.Reliant on own experiences and judgement.
Independent, not reliant on culture and environment to form opinions and views.

4.Spontaneous and natural.
True to oneself, rather than being how others want.

5.Task centering.
Most of Maslow’s subjects had a mission to fulfill in life or some task or problem ‘beyond’ themselves (instead of outside themselves) to pursue. Humanitarians such as Albert Schweitzer are considered to have possessed this quality.

6.Autonomy.
Self-actualizers are free from reliance on external authorities or other people. They tend to be resourceful and independent.

7.Continued freshness of appreciation.
The self-actualizer seems to constantly renew appreciation of life’s basic goods. A sunset or a flower will be experienced as intensely time after time as it was at first. There is an “innocence of vision”, like that of an artist or child.

8.Profound interpersonal relationships.
The interpersonal relationships of self-actualizers are marked by deep loving bonds.

9.Comfort with solitude.
Despite their satisfying relationships with others, self-actualizing people value solitude and are comfortable being alone.

10.Non-hostile sense of humor.
This refers to the ability to laugh at oneself.

11.Peak experiences.
All of Maslow’s subjects reported the frequent occurrence of peak experiences (temporary moments of self-actualization). These occasions were marked by feelings of ecstasy, harmony, and deep meaning. Self-actualizers reported feeling at one with the universe, stronger and calmer than ever before, filled with light, beauty, goodness, and so forth.

12.Socially compassionate.
Possessing humanity.

13.Few friends.
Few close intimate friends rather than many superficial relationships.

 

Quite from Wikipedia
（引用）英語版ウィキペディア（English Wikipedia）

English Wikipedia Maslow’s  Hierarchyds  of needs

 

English Wikipedia Self-Actualization